建德市公益林生态系统服务价值评价

对公益林生态系统服务功能和价值评估进行研究,为建德市公益林保护、规划和管理提供科学指导和理论依据。本文依据《生态系统服务功能评估规范》,结合涵养水源、保育土壤等8项指标,评价建德市公益林生态系统服务价值。结果表明,建德市公益林生态系统服务总价值81.64亿元,其中涵养水源效益25.22亿元,固土保肥效益4.43亿元,固碳释氧效益12.53亿元,积累营养效益0.48亿元,森林游憩效益22.19亿元,净化大气效益3.21亿元,生物多样性保护效益12.13亿元,森林防护效益1.45亿元。公益林生态系统服务价值远高于其直接利用价值,表明应继续实施生态补偿政策,努力提高生态补偿标准。     

运用植被指数时序特征对落叶松人工林分类

为探究植被指数时序特征是否有利于落叶松人工林提取,以孟家岗林场为研究试验区域,根据落叶松人工林季相和物候特征,利用Landsat8OLI影像数据提取研究区内5种植被的归一化植被指数(I NDV)、差值植被指数(I DV)、比值植被指数(I RV)、增强型植被指数(I EV),构建相应的植被指数时序特征。采用最大似然和随机森林两种方法对单一时相影像和加入植被指数时序特征的影像进行对比试验。结果表明:影像中加入植被指数时序特征后,最大似然算法的分类总体精度为89.53%,Kappa系数为0.87,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了13.35%;随机森林算法的森林类型分类总体精度为93.22%,Kappa系数为0.92,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了19.8%。因此,加入植被指数时序特征后能得到更高的落叶松人工林提取精度。     

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests,Iran

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m~2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m~2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.     

Artificial neural network modeling of microbial community structures in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Microbial communities vary across the landscape in forest soils, but prediction of their biomass and composition is a difficult challenge due to the large numbers of variables that influence their community structures. Here we examine the use of artificial neural network (ANN) models for extraction of patterns among soil chemical variables and microbial community structures in forest soils from three regions of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. At each location, variations in soil chemical properties and FAME profiles of microbial community structures were mapped at 20 × 20 m intervals within 10 ha parcels. Geostatistical analyses showed that spatial variability in soil physical and chemical variables could be mapped at scale distances of 20 m, but that FAME profiles representing the microbial communities were highly variable and had no spatial dependence at the same scale in most cases. RDA analysis showed that FAME signatures representing different microbial groups were positively associated with soil pH, OM, P and base cations concentrations, whereas microbial biomass was negatively associated with the same environmental factors. In contrast, ANN models revealed clear relationships between microbial community structures at each parcel location, and generated verifiable predictions of variations in FAME profiles in relation to soil pH, texture, and the relative abundances of base cations. The results suggest that ANN modeling provides a useful approach for describing the relationships between microbial community structures and soil properties in tropical forest soils that were not able to be captured using geostatistical and RDA analyses.     

人工杉木林前期抚育间伐管理的探讨

针对目前人工杉木林前期抚育间伐存在的问题,提出相应的管理对策.     

论混交林的优越性

从4个方面论述了混交林的优越性。     

阔叶林下栽培灵香草试验研究

试验表明，在阔叶林下套种灵香草，坡位以山脚或山凹为最佳，林分郁闭度以0．7—0．85为宜；扦插时间以秋季最好，扦插密度在立地条件好的地方以株行距15cm×20cm为宜;施肥以火烧土为主配适量复合肥；在最佳条件组合下，灵香草年干产量可达2023．5kg／hm~2．     

中国林产品发展的现状与前景

从我国林产品的供需态势、技术方向和政策取向三个方面,介绍我国林产品的发展现状与前景,分析了中国林产品在世界林产品进出口贸易的内在潜力与资源优势.指出中国经济社会的持续快速稳定协调发展,为中国林产品的市场供需与贸易投资提供了广阔的发展空间与研发平台,带来了巨大的发展机遇.     

闽北毛竹林密度变化相关因子的动态规律研究

本文针对１９８５年及１９９２年森林资源二类调查资料，采用列联表方法，对毛竹林立竹密度与海拔及林分平均胸径对毛竹林分布的影响进行卡方检验、剩余分析和ｌｏｇ－线性模型拟合，得出：闽北毛竹林密度多在１８００株／ｈｍ２以下，胸径为第四级（８ｃｍ）以下，海拔最适分布区为４００－１０００ｍ；现实毛竹林密度及平均胸径偏低，应提高毛竹林经营水平，促使林分达到合理结构以实现速生丰产的目标。     

坡耕地退耕还林后的植被恢复

生态公益林建设是坡耕地恢复森林植被最重要的模式 ,但对退耕还林后的植被恢复特点和规律的研究却很少报道。本文选择在四川省退耕还林工程中普遍发展的桤木生态公益林为研究对象 ,对其植被恢复特点和规律进行了探讨。1　试验地概况选择坡耕地退耕还林后形成的桤木 (Alnuscremastogyne)生态林和弃耕 1年形成的杂草群落为研究对象。试验地位于四川西缘山地区的天全县境内 ,东经 10 2°4 5′ ,北纬 30°0 3′ ,海拔 80 0m ,坡度 2 6° ,坡向西北 ,坡位中部 ,母质为砂岩风化物 ,土壤类型为紫色土 ,属亚热带季风湿润气候区 ,年平均降雨量 1735 …